regex¶

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <regex>

int main() {
    std::string fnames[] = {"foo.txt", "bar.txt", "test", "a0.txt", "AAA.txt"};
    //In C++, `\` will be used as an escape character in the string. 
    // In order for `\.` to be passed as a regular expression, 
    // it is necessary to perform second escaping of `\`, thus we have `\\.`
    std::regex txt_regex("[a-z]+\\.txt");
    for (const auto &fname: fnames)
        std::cout << fname << ": " << std::regex_match(fname, txt_regex) << std::endl;
}

std::regex base_regex("([a-z]+)\\.txt");
std::smatch base_match;
for(const auto &fname: fnames) {
    if (std::regex_match(fname, base_match, base_regex)) {
    // the first element of std::smatch matches the entire string
    // the second element of std::smatch matches the first expression with brackets
    if (base_match.size() == 2) {
            std::string base = base_match[1].str();
            std::cout << "sub-match[0]: " << base_match[0].str() << std::endl;
            std::cout << fname << " sub-match[1]: " << base << std::endl;
        }
    }
}