Binding¶

why bind variables¶

• avoid injection

• avoid shared pool being flooded by "Literal" SQL statements

The most common cause of ORA-04031 is an application that doesn't use bind variables.

• Bad: SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 123;

• Good: SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :user_id; If every query is unique, the Shared Pool gets flooded with thousands of one-time-use execution plans, causing massive fragmentation.